Intersubband transitions in an asymmetric double quantum well

The intersubband optical absorption in an asymmetric double quantum well for different barrier widths and the right well widths are theoretically calculated within the framework of effective mass approximation. The results obtained show that the intersubband transitions and the energy levels in an asymmetric double quantum well can be importantly modified and controlled by the barrier width and the well width. The sensitivity to the barrier and well widths of the absorption coefficient can be used in various optical semiconductor device applications.     

Voltammetric behaviour of the synthetic pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin and its determination in soil and well water

The pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin is a common insecticide which is widespread in the environment. A study of the electrochemical reduction of the pesticide on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) was performed as basis for the development of a sensitive analytical method for determination of lambda-cyhalothrin in natural samples. Two electrochemical techniques—cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)—were applied. The study was performed in the pH range 2-13 using Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer to control the pH of the measuring solutions and tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) salt as supporting electrolyte. In DPV, a single reduction peak was observed at both pH<4.0 and pH>10.5 while two cathodic peaks were produced in the pH range 4.0-10.5. The results showed that the reduction of lambda-cyhalothrin in the measuring solution is irreversible. The limiting current was found to be diffusion-controlled and free of adsorption of the electroactive species to HMDE over the whole pH range tested. For the analytical DPV method running at pH 2 the relationship between peak current and lambda-cyhalothrin concentration was linear up to 500 μg l⁻¹ (1.1×10⁻⁶ mol l⁻¹) with a detection limit of 2.5 μg l⁻¹. The repeatability in terms of relative standard deviation (n=10) was in the order of 3.5% at concentration levels of 5 and 10 μg l⁻¹. A DPV method for determining lambda-cyhalothrin in the agrochemical formulation Karate, spiked soil and well water was developed. The recovery was about 94% in well water and 92% in soil samples at concentration range of 0.05-0.5 μg l⁻¹ and 0.05-0.5 μg g⁻¹, respectively.     

分子量规整聚p-乙烯基苯甲酸及苯乙烯p-乙烯基苯甲酸两嵌段共聚物的合成

当两嵌段共聚物为由性质不同的规制 (Ｗｅｌｌ ｄｅｆｉｎｅｄ)分子量两链段所构成时 ,在只对其中一链段为良溶剂的选择性溶剂中 ,它能够自组装形成尺寸均一的胶束 .胶束的形态与共聚物的组成、浓度、溶剂的性质等关系密切[1] .因此 ,两嵌段共聚物的合成颇被关注[2 ] .这一性质使得嵌段共聚物在分子识别、药物和其他物质的输送、基因疗法、水系涂料、污染物的除去、催化剂以及传感器等方面展示着潜在的应用前景 .规制分子量的两嵌段共聚合物的合成主要通过阴离子、阳离子、开环易位、基团转移等活性或可控聚合来实现 .但是这些方法受到单体…     

Banach空间中远达和同时远达问题的适定性

本文研究Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间Ｘ中远达和同时远达问题的适定性,在集合的Ｈａｕｓ－ ｄｏｒｆｆ距离下,对Ｘ中的闭凸子集Ｄ和相对弱紧的有界闭子集Ｋ,证明了下述结果： 若Ｄ关于Ｋ严格凸和有Ｋａｄｅｃ性质,则Ｄ中所有使远达问题 ｍａｘ｛ｘ,Ｋ｝是适定的 点ｘ全体在Ｄ中是Ｇδ型集．作为应用,得到了同时远达问题适定性的类似结果．     

Banach空间中关于有界集的同时远达问题的适定性

本文研究Banach空间中关于有界集的同时远达问题的适定性,在集合的Hausdorff距离下,证明了：对自反局部一致凸Banach空间中的闭有界集K,使所有关于K的同时远达问题是适定的紧凸子集A全体在紧凸子集全体中是Gδ型集．     

石屏井水中金属元素的分析

用原子吸收光谱法测定了云南省石屏县城用于直接点制豆腐的城内(北门、西门、南门)和城郊天然井水中Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Co、Cr、Ni和Cd等9种金属元素的含量,方法的相对标准偏差在0.28%—1.53%之间,回收率在97.68%—107.30%之间,分析结果满意。城中天然井水Ca和Mg含量非常高,Ca和Mg含量分别在207.83—268.50μg·mL-1和30.88—35.41μg·mL-1之间,其总硬度(以CaCO3计)在646.15—816.30μg·mL-1之间,为极硬水,西门外城郊井水中Ca含量仅为99.10μg·mL-1,Mg含量28.14μg·mL-1,都未检出Cd,其余6种金属元素在城中井水与郊外井水中的含量差别不大,且都较小;城中井水Ca、Mg含量:北门井水西门井水南门井水,井水中Ca和Mg含量在207.83、30.88μg·mL-1及其以上时,具有石膏或卤水凝固剂的作用,可直接点制豆腐;城中井水中Fe、Zn、Cu、Cr、Ni和Co含量大小为FeZnCrNiCuCo。     

Numerical study on the deformation of soil stratum and vertical wells with gas hydrate dissociation

Gas hydrate (GH) dissociates owing to thermal injection or pressure reduction from the well in gas/oil or GH exploitation. GH dissociation leads to, for exam-ple, decreases in soil strength, engineering failures such as wellbore instabilities, and marine landslides. The FLAC3D software was used to analyze the deformation of the soil stratum and vertical wells with GH dissociation. The effects of Young’s modulus, internal friction angle, cohesion of the GH layer after dissociation, and the thickness of the GH layer on the deformation of soils were studied. It is shown that the maximum displacement in the whole soil stratum occurs at the interface between the GH layer and the over-layer. The deformation of the soil stratum and wells increases with decreases in the modulus, internal friction angle, and cohesion after GH dissociation. The increase in thickness of the GH layer enlarges the deformation of the soil stratum and wells with GH dissociation. The hydrostatic pressure increases the settlement of the soil stratum, while constrain-ing horizontal displacement. The interaction between two wells becomes significant when the affected zone around each well exceeds half the length of the GH dissociation zone.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Catalysts Cu–ZnO Supported on Mesoporous Carbon FDU‐15

A new catalyst with uniformly distributed metal oxide is synthesized and characterized. The active centers Cu–ZnO of the designed catalyst are well distributed in the ordered mesoporous carbon FDU‐15 which has very high BET surface area and large pore volume. The effects of the amount of metal oxide loading, calcination temperature, and ramping rate on the resulting catalysts are investigated using N₂‐physisorption, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning and electron microscopy. The results show that the Cu–ZnO particle size increases with the metal loading and calcination temperature, whereas it decreases with the ramping rate. When the metal loading is 20%, the calcination temperature is 700 °C, and the ramping rate is 20 °C/min, uniform metal oxide particles well distributed on the carbon support are obtained.     

用于综合录井技术的在线快速气相色谱-四极杆质谱联用仪研制

研制了一种用于综合录井技术的在线快速气相色谱-四极杆质谱联用仪。采用隔膜泵直接抽取泥浆中脱出的气体样品直接引入气相色谱,通过气驱十通阀实现自动进样;快速分离后,样品中各组分依次进入四极杆质谱进行检测;四极杆质谱采用电子轰击源电离及选择离子扫描的方式,提供对碳氢化合物检测所需要的高灵敏度;仪器通过精确的时序控制实现周期循环进样分析,满足录井现场的实时监测需求。仪器采用安全易得的氮气作载气,对C1-C8烷烃、苯、甲苯、环己烷和甲基环己烷等油气组分进行快速在线分析,结果表明,C1-C5分析周期小于30 s,C1-C8周期小于85 s,最低检测浓度为0.0001%(V/V),线性范围高于5个数量级,适合于录井技术中油气组分分析。     

Modeling of pulsed spark discharge in water and its application to well cleaning

This paper presents a simulation model for the generation of strong pressure wave by means of pulsed spark discharge in water and its application to well cleaning. In the simulation model, one-dimensional time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic equations are coupled to a capacitive discharge circuit equation. A cylindrical conducting spark channel formed by electrical breakdown of water gap between a pair of electrodes is treated as a load of which resistance and inductance are allowed to change with time. For describing the spark channel properties accurately, precise calculations on thermodynamic properties and electrical conductivity are included in the simulation model. The simulation results show an excellent agreement with the experimentally measured shock pressure as well as the current and voltage waveforms. The simulation reveals that Joule heating of the spark channel during the very early phase of electrical discharge plays a key role in the formation of shock wave in water. The voltage on a capacitor at breakdown, the circuit inductance, and the resistance of the spark channel are found to be the most important parameters for the shock wave formation. With this technique, a pilot test for the cleaning of a clogged well has been performed in a water well which was constructed as a test-bed for riverbank filtration near the Anseong-cheon (river) in Korea. Well treatments have been carried out with an electrical energy of 510 J stored on a pulsed power system, at which the maximum shock pressure is measured to be around 7 MPa at the position of the well screen, i.e. 0.1 m away from the spark gap. A slug test shows 2.9 times improvement in the hydraulic conductivity of the well, which, combined with a visual inspection inside the well using an underwater camera, clearly demonstrates that the strong pressure wave generated by underwater spark discharge can effectively remove almost all incrustations formed in the well screen and thus improve well performance. Operating parameters for controlling the strength of shock pressure are discussed using the simulation model for extensive applications of the present technique to various types of water wells.